Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection that affects the lungs and may occasionally invade other parts of the body. It is an uncommon disease. In 1999, there were 15 cases reported among New York City residents (rate of 0.2 cases per 100,000 persons).

Who gets histoplasmosis?

Anyone can get histoplasmosis. It is recognized more often in immunocompromised individuals, such as AIDS patients. Birds (especially chickens), bats, dogs, cats, rats, skunks, opossum, foxes, and other animals can get histoplasmosis and may have a role in spreading the disease.

How is histoplasmosis spread?

The disease is acquired by inhaling the spore stage of the fungus. Outbreaks may occur in groups with common exposures to bird or bat droppings or recently disturbed, contaminated soil found in chicken coops, caves, etc. Person-to-person spread of histoplasmosis does not occur.

What are the symptoms of histoplasmosis?

Symptoms vary from mild to severe, ranging from a flu-like illness to serious lung infections. In immunocompromised patients, the disease may spread to the bone marrow, lungs, liver, and lymph nodes.

How soon after infection do symptoms appear?

Symptoms may appear within 5 to 18 days (usually 10 days) after exposure. However, most people do not experience any symptoms.

Does past infection with the fungus make a person immune?
Infection usually results in increased protection against repeat infection, although the immunity is not complete.

How is histoplasmosis diagnosed?

Histoplasmosis is diagnosed by isolating the fungus from body fluids or tissues, visualizing the fungus under the microscope, or by an antibody test.

What is the treatment for histoplasmosis?

Specific treatments, such as amphotericin B, are available for patients with severe illness.